This article deals with India’s share in world of mango in terms of area, production, yield and export. In the process the article outlines the major mango producing countries and their share in total area and production of world mango.
Contents:
- Global Scenario of Mango Production
- Area, Production, and Productivity of Mango to Total Fruit Crops
- Area, Production and Yield of Mango in Major Producing Countries of the World
- Area under Mango —World and India
- Trends in Production of Mango —World and India
- Yield of Mango —World and India
- Indices of Area, Production and Yield of Mango — World and India
- State Wise Scenario of Mango Production in India
- Area under Mango in Major States
- Production of Mango in Major States
- Yield of Mango in Major States
- Exports of Mango from India
- Varieties of Mango Produced in India
1. Global Scenario of Mango Production:
India’s Position of Mango Production in Fruits and Vegetables in World Market:
According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Mango is one of the six major fruits crops in the world.
India’s position of mango in production of various fruits and vegetables in international ranking is presented below:
It is evident from the data presented in the above Table 3.1 that India’s mango ranks first in the international market.
2. Area, Production, and Productivity of Mango to Total Fruit Crops:
Mango accounts for more than one third (37.8%) of total area under fruit crops and about 20 per cent of total fruit production in 2008-09. This is evident from the Table 3.2.
Share of India’s area under mango to total fruits area in 1987-88 was 43.5 per cent which declined to 37.8 in 2008-09. Share of mango to total fruit area varied 28.5 to 42.9 per cent. The share of mango to total fruit production started declining over the years. In 1987-88 the share stood at 37.4 per cent which reduced to 18.6 per cent in 2008-09. The CAGR showed that area growth was 7.62 per cent which was quite high compared to growth in production (3.08 %). Productivity experienced a negative growth of 3.15 per cent.
3. Area, Production and Yield of Mango in Major Producing Countries of the World:
Mango is commercially grown in about 83 countries in the world. Major mango producing countries are China, Mexico, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, Philippines and Haiti. The total world production during 2010 was estimated at 34,750 thousand MT where India enjoys the top slot (1312.22 thousand MT) followed by China (4657.42 thousand MT), Thailand (2222 thousand MT), Mexico (1925.15 thousand MT). When compared to world average (7202 kg per hectare), India’s productivity (7065 kg per hectare). Brazil ranks first in productivity (12394 kg per hectare) which is well ahead of world average productivity.
Country wise area, production and yield of mango are depicted below:
Although India is the world’s largest producer of mango, it’s yield is low. Low yield is one among many problems identified, others being post-harvest damage, size of orchards not amendable and absence of product
brands. Indian mangoes are world famous and have great potential for export as compared to other fruits of the country. The reasons for low productivity of mangoes in India are that most of the commercial cultivars are location specific with long gestation period and alternate bearing habit, viz., Dashehari, Langra, Chausa, Bombay Green, Alphonso, Banganpalli, Pairi, Himsagar, Kesar, Mulgoa etc.
4. Area under Mango —World and India:
The world area under mango has been estimated at 4825 thousand hectare whereas India covers an area of 1848 thousand hectares constituting 38.31 per cent of the total area.
Details are exhibited below:
5. Trends in Production of Mango —World and India:
World production of mango has been estimated at 34750 thousand MT, while India produces 13056 thousand MT representing 37.57 per cent of world production.
India’s share in world production during 2004-2010 is depicted in Table 3.5:
6. Yield of Mango —World and India:
Yield of mango in the world was 6,990 kg per hectare in 2004, while it was 6,970 kg per hectare in India. Thus, India’s yield was lower by 20 kg per hectare compared to world yield during 2004. In 2010, productivity of mango in the world improved by 212 kg per hectare (7,202 kg/ ha) and in India by only 95 kg per hectare (7065 kg per hectare). This shows that yield of mango between World and India has slight variation.
The position is given in Table 3.6:
7. Indices of Area, Production and Yield of Mango — World and India:
Taking into account 2004 as base year, world production of mango has hiked by 36 per cent in 2010. This was mainly due to enhancement of area by 32 per cent and improvement of yield by 3 per cent. In India, production escalated by 20 per cent during the period 2004 to 2010. The increase in production is attributed to coverage of more area under mango.
The trend is shown in Table 3.7:
On an average, area under mango in world increased by 4.57 per cent per year while in India it was 10 per cent per year. In case of production, world recorded an annual hike by 5.14 per cent compared to 2.87 per cent in India. Average annual growth rate of yield in world was only 0.43 per cent and in India it was 0.30 per cent.
8. State Wise Scenario of Mango Production in India:
The major mango growing states in India are Uttar Pradesh (UP), Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh (AP), Maharashtra, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Karnataka, Goa, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Punjab and Tamil Nadu. The region wise popular varieties grown in different parts of the country comprise Alphonso, Kesar from Western India, Banganpalli, Totapuri, and Neelam from Southern States, Fazli from Eastern State and Langra, Chausa and Dusheri from Northern States.
Area wise, Andhra Pradesh occupies 21.55 per cent of the total area under mango in the country followed by Maharashtra (19.79%), Uttar Pradesh (11.74%), Bihar (6.2%), Karnataka (6.1%) etc.
9. Area under Mango in Major States:
Area under mango in major states is given below:
Compounded annual growth rate was 49.80 per cent in Maharashtra where as it was 6.94 per cent in Andhra Pradesh, 4.53 per cent in West Bengal and 1.77 per cent in Karnataka. CAGR of area under mango was 5.97 per cent for All India.
In Andhra Pradesh production in 1996-97 recorded at 3256.3 thousand MT which increased 4445.8 thousand MT in 2001-02 and 3865 thousand MT in 2005-06. It, however, declined to 2522 thousand MT in 2008-09. In case of Uttar Pradesh there was a declining growth rate over four points of time. The trend was positive for other states (Table 3.9).
10. Production of Mango in Major States:
Production of mango in major states is given below:
It transpired from the Table 3.10 that CAGR of mango production in Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh during the period from 1996-97 to 2008-09 was negative at 2.42 per cent 0.19 per cent respectively, while growth rate was very high (21.9%) in Maharashtra followed by West Bengal (4.53%), Bihar (3.84%) and Karnataka (1.34%).
11. Yield of Mango in Major States:
Yield of mango in major states depicted the fact that yield per hectare of mango in Andhra Pradesh declined over the years as also in Maharashtra, while it improved in other states including all India level.
The state-wise trend of yield is presented below:
In Maharashtra the CAGR was negative at 16.34 per cent followed by Andhra Pradesh (-10.37%) and Uttar Pradesh (-0.62%). The CAGR of India was recorded at – 2.56 per cent.
12. Exports of Mango from India:
The world trade in fresh mango forms an insignificant portion of world production (only 0.60 %). India’s share in world mango market is less than 15 per cent but mangoes account for around 39 per cent of the total fruit exports from India (Muley). In the near future mango exports from India are likely to go up. During the period of 1994-95 to 2008-09 only 1.34 per cent of total mango production per year was exported from India.
Currently ground 95 per cent of India’s mango exports are routed through Middle East countries. Given the strong consumers preference for Indian mangoes, well planned export and commodity promotion programme can help the country to achieve a dominant position in the world market.
Data on exports of mango from India during 1994-95 to 2008-09 are presented in Table 3.11:
On an average 156 thousand MT of mangoes of value Rs. 365 crore per year including fresh and pulp was exported to many countries during the period of 1994- 95 to 2008-09. Mangoes are mainly exported to Bangladesh (24 thousand MT), UAE (21 thousand MT), Saudi Arabia (4 thousand MT), Nepal (3 thousand MT), UK (1 thousand MT), and Russia (2 thousand MT). Export of mango accounts for 1.34 per cent of production per year over the period 1994-95 to 2008-09 (Table 3.11).
Speciality and Quality of Indian Mango:
Indian mango is the special product that the high standards of quality and bountiful of nutrients packed in it. A single mango can provide up to 40 percent of the daily dietary fiber needs. In addition, this luscious fruit contains potassium, beta- carotene and antioxidants. In India, mangoes are mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions from sea level to an altitude of 1,500m. Mangoes grow best in temperatures around 27°C. For maintaining highest quality standards, State-of-the-art pack-houses have been set up in major production zones.
Keeping in view the different country’s requirements, internationally recognized treatment facilities like Hot Water Treatment, Vapour Heat Treatment and Irradiation facilities have also been set up at various locations across the production belt. Unique product identification system, compliant to the traceability networking and Pesticide Residue Monitoring Plan have been developed for the consumer safety, and readiness to product recall in case of any emergency (health hazards).
13. Varieties of Mango Produced in India:
India is the home of about 1,000 varieties of mango. However, only a few varieties are commercially cultivated throughout India. Most of the Indian mango varieties have specific eco-geographical requirements for optimum growth and yield. The Northern/Eastern Indian varieties are usually late bearing compared to Southern and Western Indian varieties. Some of the local varieties of mango bear fruits throughout the year in extreme southern parts of India.
The import and commerce of varieties of mango are presented in Table 3.12:
